Anderson, M. (n.d.). "What are learning styles?"

http://web.cortland.edu/andersmd/learning/Introduction.htm

 

Brief history of the learning styles and their origin from a professor at Cortland University.

 

Ankowski, A. (2015, March 19). Learning styles: Fact or fiction? Retrieved December 9, 2015, from http://doctoranddad.com/learning-styles-   fact-or-fiction/

 

This was an interesting read written by a doctor and a dad. It was all about why parents think learning styles is a real thing and why     some think it is not a real thing. Then it also gives you better ways to teach children that they believe to be more effective than             learning styles. I think that this would make a good addition to our resources for our website.

 

Barbe, W. B., & Milone, M. N., Jr. (1981). What we know about modality strengths. Retrieved from http://www.ascd.org/ASCD/pdf/journals/ed_lead/el_198102_barbe.pdf

 

A newspaper article written by Walter Burke Barbe and Michael Milone explaining their learning modalities theory.

 

Buff, Derek. “Learning Styles: Fact and Fiction- A Conference Report”.

Vanderbilt University Center for Teaching. 28 Jan. 2011.

https://cft.vanderbilt.edu/2011/01/learning-styles-fact-and-fiction-a-conference-report/

 

Article giving a brief overview of the Learning Styles theory and why it may not be as reliable as most think it is. This will be great to use for an explanation as to why the theory may not be so great.

 

Chapman, Alan. “Kolb Learning Styles”. Businessballs. BusinessBalls,  2006.

http://www.businessballs.com/kolblearningstyles.htm

 

Explanation of the Kolb learning style and how it may be useful in reference to education and learning. Will be useful in briefly covering other popular learning styles theories and why they may also be no as great.

 

Cherry, K. (n.d.). VARK learning styles.

http://psychology.about.com/od/educationalpsychology/a/vark-learning-styles.htm

 

Overview of the development of Neil Fleming’s VARK model.

 

Coffield, F., Moseley, D., Hall, E., & Ecclestone, K. (2004). Learning styles and pedagogy in post-16 learning, A systematic and critical review (Rep.). London, UK: Learning and Skills Research Centre.

 

This article is a powerful argument against Learning Styles Theory. It is numerous pages of facts, statistics, etc.. the findings summary written by one of the reports authors, found at http://www.ncl.ac.uk/ecls/research/project/1927 summarizes their findings. it is a great summary, with precise information.

 

Dekker, S., Lee, N. C., Howard-Jones, P., & Jolles, J. (2012). Neuromyths in education: Prevalence and predictors of misconceptions among teachers. Frontiers in Psychology Front. Psychology, 3. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2012.00429

 

The evidence that is shown in this appears to be well cited, sound and trustworthy. It is concise, and there are many references throughout the large document to support their findings as well as statements of myths and neuroscience findings.  The most prevalent myth of their study, “Individuals learn better when they receive information in their preferred learning style (e.g. auditory, visual, kinesthetic)”, was believed by 93% of 242 educators polled from the UK and 96% of teachers from the Netherlands.

 

Do Learning Styles Really Exist? (2014, November 18). Retrieved November 4, 2015.

 

This is a video talking about why learning style does not exist and the downfalls of teacher’s believing that they do. Would be good for the cons section of the website

Education: Learning Styles Debunked. (2009, December 17). Retrieved October 4, 2015, from http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2009/12/091216162356.htm

 

I thought this article was a good explanation of the lack of scientific evidence to support the learning styles theories, explaining that people do learn differently, but not because of the learning styles theories.

 

[Edutopia]. (2011, June 21). Big thinkers: Dr. Judy Willis on the science of learning. [Video File]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J6FqAiAbUFs.

 

Dr. Judy Willis talks about the science of learning and how she applied her knowledge and background as a neuroscientist into her classroom as an elementary and middle school teacher. Dr. Willis’ credentials are impeccable, and her hands on research and approach to effective teaching practices based on the science of the brain are sound.

 

Felder, R. (n.d.). Learning Styles. Retrieved December 7, 2015, from http://www4.ncsu.edu/unity/lockers/users/f/felder/public/Learning_Styles.html

 

This website was a basic background of the learning styles theory. It then leads to other links to scholarly articles that go more in depth of the theory. It also even discusses the learning styles theories in college education.

 

Friedman, P., & Alley, R. (1984). Matching Teaching and Learning Styles. In Theory

Into Practice (Vol. 23, pp. 77-81). Taylor & Francis. Retrieved from,

http://www.jstor.org.libproxy.plymouth.edu/stable/1476742?seq=2#page_scan_tab_contents

 

This article talks about the 6 principles to assist teachers to understand the learning styles theory. Within this article there are some case studies to help represent information but the extent of the studies are very slim, so I did not find this website to be all that reliable.

 

Glenn, David. (2009). Matching Teaching Style To Learning Style May Not Help Students.

The Chronicle of Higher Education.

http://www.physics.emory.edu/faculty/weeks//journal/chron-pash.pdf

 

This article brings up the idea of learning styles and the many different opinions on it. The author of this article believes there is minimal reasons why a teacher should introduce the theory into a classroom. It talks about the struggle teachers create for themselves by trying to meet certain learning styles of the child. In the end it is about meaning not the specific way it is introduced.

 

Growth and development, Ages 9-12. (2010, July). Retrieved December 1, 2015, from http://www.education.com/reference/article/Ref_Growth_Ages_Nine/

 

Solid resource for child development milestones and characteristics.

 

Gutek, G. L. (2001). Historical and philosophical foundations of education: Selected readings.

Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.

 

Offers ideas on the history of learning styles through philosophers and prominent figures in education.

 

Guterl, S. (2013, September 20). Is Teaching to a Student's “Learning Style” a Bogus

Idea. Scientific American. Retrieved September 27, 2015, from

http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/is-teaching-to-a-students-learning-style-a-bogus-idea/

 

I thought this was a useful article where both sides of the learning styles theory was represented, where teachers find it beneficial, but also the lack of scientific evidence to support the theories.

 

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis. (n.d). Indiana University- Purdue University Indianapolis IUPUI. Retrieved November 5, 2015.

http://blc.uc.iupui.edu/Academic-Enrichment/Study-Skills/Learning-Styles/3-Learning-Styles

 

This was about the basic learning styles and how it applies to students. It goes into a list of suggestions to work with the different learning styles. There are also hints that may help students focus or work better in the classroom if they gravitate more towards one learning style.  

 

Learning styles. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://research.omicsgroup.org/index.php/Learning_styles

 

A brief breakdown of the different learning styles.

 

Learning Styles Debunked: There is No Evidence Supporting Auditory and Visual Learning, Psychologists Say. (2009, December 16). Retrieved November 4, 2015.

 

This is a news article that talks about at some point you most likely put your self in a learning Style but it says that there is no evidence.  This is good for the cons section of the website.

 

Leibrock, T. (2015, September 19). Learning Styles don't exist. Retrieved November 4, 2015.

Short version of Willinghams video debate on why learning styles do not exist good for website because people may not wont to sit and watch a 6 minute video.

 

The Myth Of Learning Styles - Edudemic. (n.d.). Retrieved November 10, 2015, from https://www.pinterest.com/pin/446841594251739965/

 

Picture of the downfalls of learning styles and what it is all about perfect for the cons section of our website

 

Mayer, R. E. (2011). Applying the science of learning. Boston, MA: Pearson/Allyn & Bacon.

 

This book explores the science of learning, and defines the goal of education, the science of learning, science of instruction, and the science of assessment. It explores ATI, or attribute treatment interaction-how the instructional methods effectiveness is impacted by the attributes, or prior knowledge/skills base, of the learner. It also explores how ‘liking or preference’ of a particular learning style does not correlate to improvements in actual learning.

 

Neighmond, P. (2011, August 29). Think You're An Auditory Or Visual Learner? Scientists Say It's Unlikely. Retrieved November 4, 2015.

 

In this article it goes over a quick overview of why learning style does not work and why it is not to be used. It also references Willingham and his studies and how there is no scientific evidence towards learning styles. This seems to be a reliable source to use.

 

OMICS International. (2014). Learning styles.  

http://research.omicsgroup.org/index.php/Learning_styles#Learning_Modalities

 

Summary of the learning styles theories along with a list of different models and explanations.

 

Parma24, J. (2008, September 24). Lesson 2: Creating lessons for different learning styles. Retrieved from http://www.edutopia.org/citizen-schools-lesson-learning-styles

 

Talks about four stages of learning cycle and how to integrate learning into a child’s day to optimize learning and engagement. Solid, common sense ideas but unsure of long-term benefits of integration.

 

Pashler, H., McDaniel, M., Rohrer, D., & Bjork, R. (2008). Learning styles concepts and evidence. Psychological Science in the Public Interest, 9(3), 105-117. doi:10.1111/j.15396053.2009.01038.x

 

This journal provides the positive and negative findings of the learning styles theory. It also touches on the ideas of why this theory is so popular. It is thought it improves education and instructional approaches so is influential. It also provides an analysis of literature based on the learning styles theories.It states on this line the core evidence is missing and this is what brings us to beleive the falisity of the claims.

 

Perry, M., Peden, J. R., H., V. L., & Bock, G. W. (1987).  Sources of the Western tradition. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.

 

Offers ideas on the history of learning styles through philosophers and prominent figures in education.

 

Powell, W., & Powell, O. (2011). How to teach now. Retrieved November 9, 2015. From, http://www.ascd.org/publications/books/111011/chapters/Knowing-Our-Students-as-Learners.aspx

 

This article includes good information on determining your preferred learning style.

 

Reiff, J. C. (1992). Learning styles. Washington, D.C.: NEA Professional Library, National Education Association, from

http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED340506.pdf

 

Since we have narrowed down our topics, I am working on the pros of the learning styles theory and I found this book to be a good source where the author breaks down the benefits of using the learning styles theories within classrooms.

 

Research summary - learning styles. (n.d.). Retrieved October 19, 2015. From,

http://www.journeytoexcellence.org.uk/resourcesandcpd/research/summaries/rslearningstyles.asp

 

This article explained that learning styles theory is  referred to as the “preferred” style of learning individuals like. I found this information to be useful because we all have our preference of learning, but this does not indicate our specific learning styles.  

 

Sawyer, R. K. (2008). Optimising learning implications of learning sciences research. Innovating to learn, Learning to innovate, 45-65. Retrieved from http://www.oecd.org/edu/ceri/40805146.pdf

 

This chapter specifies and details the learning sciences and their purpose, as well as design principles for guided the education of children in the innovation economy.  

 

Silver, H., Strong, R., & Perini, M. (1997). Integrating learning styles and multiple intelligences [Abstract]. Educational Leadership, 55(1), 22-27. Retrieved from :http://www.ascd.org/publications/educational-leadership/sept97/vol55/num01/Integrating-Learning-Styles-and-Multiple-Intelligences.aspx

 

This article focuses on strengths of learning styles, but not VAK, on another list of four learning styles that the authors developed. It is interesting to read and sounds good, but is not backed by research, merely more theories. The authors do have doctorates in their fields and the article may be of further interest or as an addition to the pros and cons pages of our site.  

 

Status of Learning Styles Theories. Teaching of Psychology, 42(3), 266-271. doi:10.1177/0098628315589505 Retrieved from http://top.sagepub.com.libproxy.plymouth.edu/content/42/3/266.full.pdf+html

 

This journal discusses the topic of the general overview of learning styles. Dan Willingham is a co-writer which makes us strongly trust the ideas in this. It does in fact say learning styles exist but they most likely aren’t specifically identified in one student. The students learn in different ways although they may find it easier to learn in one specific way. These differences are important to understand in the classroom.

 

Teaching Strategies - Learning Styles. (2009, December 19) [Video File] Retrieved from, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oNxCporOofo

 

Video describing the different learning styles and examples of how to incorporate each of them within the classroom.

 

The Vark Categories. (n.d.) The VARK modalities. http://www.vark-learn.com/english/page.asp?p=categories

 

Explanation of Fleming’s VARK model. Will be useful in further explaining the theory.

 

Wall, C. (2011, August 23). GP Strategies Blog. Retrieved December 9, 2015, from http://blog.gpstrategies.com/learning-operations/learning-styles-fact-or-fiction/

 

This was a Short blog on learning styles and the facts and fictions of learning styles. It was an interesting read because it took what we have been doing in class writing blogs and made it into a real life context. It was a short quick read so it made it easy to look thru. May not be the best resource but it could be a good  stepping stone for the website.

 

Weinstein, A. (2013, November 1). Are Learning Styles a Myth? Retrieved November 4, 2015, from http://www.education.com/magazine/article/Are_Learning_Styles_Myth/?clickid=R:U0QQyeo24V2pK0Lg1HYzIKUkXTfNTnHUsz0c0&MediaPartnerId=10078  

 

They speak about how most people believe in learning styles but then they go into why learning styles is not a true thing the refer to multiple experts in the field. This would be good for the cons section of the website.

 

Willingham, D. (n.d.). Daniel Willingham's Learning Styles FAQ. Retrieved November 4, 2015.

 

This is a page of frequently asked questions to Willingham and all the questions are explained in depth of his beliefs and with other supporting evidence to back up his ideas. It goes along with the con section of this website and what we have been learning in class.

 

Workman, G. (1988). Learning Strategies and Learning Styles. doi:10.1007/978-1-4899-2118-5

 

Detailed theory of the history of multiple learning styles theories. Will be useful in adding to the history of the learning styles.